Hundreds of protesters battled police in the heart of Barcelona amid anger over the jailing of Catalan separatist leaders.
Masked protestors were seen blocking areas, damaging police vehicles, setting fire to large garbage bins, ransacking banks and attacking riot police officers with stones, cans and bottles.
Police responded with repeated volleys of foam bullets, smoke grenades, tear gas and water cannons.
The violence followed a largely peaceful demonstration that drew more than half a million people onto the streets of the Catalan capital.
Catalan interior affairs chief Miquel Buch distanced themselves from the riots, claiming "this kind of violence is unprecedented in Catalonia ... these people are not separatists".
Some 128 people have been arrested in the region over the past five days, with Spain's acting interior minister, Fernando Grande-Marlaska, warning that rioters faced up to six years in prison.
A Palestinian teen has been shot dead during an Israeli military raid in the occupied West Bank on Wednesday, the official Palestinian news agency Wafa reported.
Some 287 candidates will be considered for the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize, the secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee said on Thursday, with US President Donald Trump likely to be among the nominees.
At least 17 migrants have died, and nine are missing after their boat broke down and drifted for eight days in the Mediterranean Sea, Libya's Red Crescent and Libyan security sources said on Wednesday.
Israel has begun taking control of aid ships bound for Gaza far from Israeli shores, Israeli army radio cited an Israeli source as saying on Wednesday.
Donald Trump discussed how to mitigate the impact of a possible months-long US blockade of Iran's ports with US oil companies, a White House official said on Wednesday, as the US president urged Tehran to 'get smart soon' and sign a deal.