Hundreds of protesters battled police in the heart of Barcelona amid anger over the jailing of Catalan separatist leaders.
Masked protestors were seen blocking areas, damaging police vehicles, setting fire to large garbage bins, ransacking banks and attacking riot police officers with stones, cans and bottles.
Police responded with repeated volleys of foam bullets, smoke grenades, tear gas and water cannons.
The violence followed a largely peaceful demonstration that drew more than half a million people onto the streets of the Catalan capital.
Catalan interior affairs chief Miquel Buch distanced themselves from the riots, claiming "this kind of violence is unprecedented in Catalonia ... these people are not separatists".
Some 128 people have been arrested in the region over the past five days, with Spain's acting interior minister, Fernando Grande-Marlaska, warning that rioters faced up to six years in prison.
Britain is working with allies on a range of options to support commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz in the face of Iranian threats, Prime Minister Keir Starmer's spokesperson said on Tuesday as the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran roils oil prices.
Australia on Tuesday granted humanitarian visas to five Iranian women soccer players after they sought asylum, fearing persecution on their return home for their refusal to sing the national anthem at an Asia Cup match.
The humanitarian crisis in Lebanon has deepened amid the wider Middle East war, with 84 children killed and more than 667,000 people displaced, two UN agencies said on Tuesday.
Iran is fighting back but is not tougher than the U.S. military expected before the war, the top U.S. general told reporters on Tuesday, as the Pentagon promised its most intense day of strikes in the 10-day-old conflict.
British warship HMS Dragon departed for the Eastern Mediterranean on Tuesday, more than a week after Britain's air base in Cyprus was attacked by a drone in the aftermath of the United States and Israel launching attacks against Iran.